Increased temperature also significantly increased both burst muscle power output (cycle average) and sustained (endurance) performance during work loop studies. Increased temperature significantly reduced twitch and tetanus activation and relaxation times. Warmer test temperatures tended to increase twitch stress (force normalised to muscle cross-sectional area) and significantly increased tetanic stress. A series of 10 work loops was also delivered at each test temperature to quantify endurance performance. Work-loop power output (average power per cycle) was maximised at each temperature by altering stimulation and strain parameters. ![]() The iliotibialis muscle was isolated from eight male Xenopus tropicalis individuals and subjected to in vitro isometric and work-loop studies at test temperatures of 15, 24, 30 and 32☌. However, less is known about the effects of temperature on sustained skeletal muscle performance. Many previous studies have demonstrated that burst muscle performance changes with temperature. Given the importance of locomotion to mobility and dispersion, variability in temperature may therefore affect the current and future distribution of species. Effects of temperature are often most pertinent on locomotor performance traits of ectothermic animals. ![]() Environmental temperature varies temporally and spatially and may consequently affect organismal function in complex ways.
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